Japn 131 L. 5: Kanji and New Vocabulary

先しゅう　の　しゅうまつ　は　　なに　を　しましたか？

Went to_____ Portland?

Library

Salem Center

Lancaster Mall

Studied

Studied at the Library

Read a book

Watched a movie

Slept

Ate dinner at Goudy

 

L. 4 Kanji:

大= だい　

But when we add "sending" hiragana (おくりがな)=

we pronounce it not「だい」but おおきい (Ookii)

大(おお) きい which means BIG

As Nakama points out (160), each kanji has a "Chinese" influenced reading, called the ON (おん)-Reading (yomi), and a native or Japanese reading called a KUN (くん) Reading. The KUN (くん) reading is usually the WORD--the pre-exisitng vocabulary item--that was alredy present in SPOKEN Japanese before kanji entered (around 400 CE).

So one rule is that in Compound, we give the ON (おん)-Reading, so this first kanji which means "Big" will usually be read as

「だい」 as in　　大学 (だいがく) = University

The kanji for がく = 学 always has to do with "Learning" so we often see it as a suffix to Majors or Departments:

 

生ぶつ学 = Biology or

ぶん学 = Lit

化学　かがく = Chemistry

しゃかい学 = Sociology

 

So the following combination would be:

大きい 大学 = a large university; or

おお（きい）だいがく　

 

--学 (がく) + 生 (せい) = 学生 (がくせい) = student

 

--大学 (だいがく)　＋　生 (せい) ＝ だいがくせい or

 

--大学生 = which means university student

 

--大きい 大学の 学生 = a student at a large university

おお だいがく がくせい

 

Take

学 (がく)　＋　校 (こう, school) and we get ＝

学校 (がっこう) as in

学校に　いきます = I will go to school　

If we have a がく and a こう together, the 2 "K" sounds will become contracted to make がっこう

Then we have

先 (せん)　=　previous （ 先しゅう= last week）

and add 生 (せい life, birth) and we get

先　+ 生　　＝　先生 = せんせい = Teacher

学＋生 = 学生　がくせい　= student; 　

大学+生 = だいがく せい = college student

Also いちねん生 = first year student　

 

A. Town(see Map p. 127)

えき = train station

こうばん = police box

ほんや = bookstore

カフェ = cafe

ぎんこう = Bank

 

Note how in Dialogue we have:

この　へん　に　ぎんこうが　ありますか

In this vicinity (に), is there a bank (ありますか)?

 

We can ask the same question for each of the following:

デパート 　

コンビニ Convenience Store

レストラン

アパート

びょういん

りょう

としょかん

がっこう (学校)

レストラン

ゆうびんきょく post office

こうえん park

スーパー

こうばん = Note that despite seeing "Koban" in the text, the actual word is Kooban (こうばん) with a long "o"

 

B. Adjectives (See Grammar Note III)

い-Adjectives

あたらしい

ふるい

大きい

ちいさい

たかい

 

Colors

あおい = blue

あかい = red

きいろい = yellow

くろい = black

しろい = white

ちゃいろい = brown or grey

 

な-Adjectives

きれい＋な＋Noun

ゆうめい＋な＋Noun

りっぱ＋な＋Noun

 

C. School supplies

えんぴつ = pencil

けしゴム = eraser

ペン

ボールペン

ノート

きょうかしょ= textbook

じしょ= dictionary

かばん

 

Do you have/Is there a_______

Dialogue:

「この　へんに　ぎんごう　が　ありますか？」

In this vicinity/Around here, IS THERE a bank? or

In this vicinity (このへん に)　

 

A Key Pattern from the Dialogue:

このへん　に　ぎんこうが　ありますか

In this vicinity, is there a Bank?

 

Also:

ぎんこうは　どこに　ありますか。

Where is the Bank?

ぎんごうは　 Literally,"As for the bank,"

どこに　ありますか.　"Where is it?"

 

Or, it can be just　　どこ　ですか。Where IS it?　

 

In L. 4 we get introduced to the

"Ko-So-A-Do" Family of Words:

1. これ、それ、あれ + は = This, That, That Over there

As for this thing, that thing, that thing over there

 

2. ここ、そこ、あそこ　＋ に = Location

Here, There, Over there Or,

In THIS PLACE ここに

In THAT PLACE　そこに

In THAT PLACE OVER THERE　あそこに

Question word = どこ　に

 

どこ　に　ありますか？　Where is it (located)?

OR

X　は　どこ　ですか？ = Where is X?

 

これ、それ、あれ =

This thing, That thing, That thing over there

これ　は　にほんごで　なんと　いいますか？

それ　は　なん　ですか？ = What is that thing?

 

これ、それ、あれ,

and the Question Word どれ = Which one？

 

Do you remember way back in L. 1 (pp. 26-27) where we learned the expression:

「これ　は　にほんごで　なん　と　いいます」

We learned then that:

これ meant "This thing here" (close to you)

それ meant "That thing there," and (close to the other person)

あれ referred to "That thing over there." (remote from both speakers)　

 

Here in L. 4 we also will learn about:

ここ、そこ、あそこ and、どこ？ Referring to

This place, That place, that place over there and Where?

 

And later, in L. 5 we will get　

この＿Noun,　その＿Noun,　あの＿Noun、どの＿Noun?

So these must be followed by a NOUN such as

この　ペン = This pen

その　大学 = That university

あの　テレビ = That TV over there　

 

For これ、それ、あれ、and ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ,

however, nothing follows them because they ARE or already contain a NOUN.

So literally, we can say

これは or ここは = meaning "This thing" and "This place" respectively.

Or you can say:

ここ です＝ "It's here. It is this place" Or,

それ　です = "It's that thing."

But you can never say:

このは　or そのは; or その です or あの です.

There must be a Noun following この、その、あの、and どの__？

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

これ 　　　　　ここ

それ　　　　　そこ

あれ　　　　　あそこ　

どれ？　　　　どこ？

 

Instructions